It is recorded that under French control of the canal project 12,875 laborers were on the payrolls of which 10,844 were British West Indians:  9,005 Jamaicans, 1,344 Barbadians and 495 St. Lucians₁.

In 1981, Omar Torrijos died in a plane crash and after a two-year power struggle, Noriega emerged as general of Panama's military forces.

With music-production by Michael Ellis and artistic genius of El General came an act of Rebellion: Reggae En Español